Chemicals and Drugs

C-Peptide

The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.

National Library of MedicineMedical Subject Headings2026

Structured Summary

Abstract

The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.

Chemical Identity

Chemical Information

Molecular Formula
C112H179N35O46
Molecular Weight
2751.8 g/mol
CAS Registry No.
59112-80-0
IUPAC Name
(4S)-4-amino-5-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[2-[[2-[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[(1S)-4-amino-1-carboxy-4-oxobutyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-carboxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
InChIKey
XTUNIGNWBZZIPT-NTMYLOQBSA-N
SMILES
C[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)N
MeSH Unique ID
D002096
Source
PubChem CID 16132309

MeSH Record

Classification

Broader headings

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MeSH Record

Synonyms

6 entry terms
  • C-Peptide, Proinsulin
  • Connecting Peptide
  • Proinsulin C-Peptide
  • C Peptide
  • C Peptide, Proinsulin
  • Proinsulin C Peptide

MeSH Record

Aspects Covered

30 allowable subheadings

Indexed with the subheadings administration & dosage, adverse effects, agonists, analysis, antagonists & inhibitors, biosynthesis, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, chemical synthesis, chemistry, classification, deficiency, drug effects, economics, genetics, history, immunology, isolation & purification, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, physiology, poisoning, radiation effects, standards, supply & distribution, therapeutic use, toxicity, ultrastructure, urine.

MeSH Record

Indexing Annotation

from proinsulin only: not for peptide fragments from other proteins ( = PEPTIDE FRAGMENTS)

MeSH Record

History Note

84(77); was see under PEPTIDES 1977-83

MeSH Record

Previous Indexing

  • Peptides (1973-1976)
  • Proinsulin (1975-1976)

MeSH Hierarchy

Tree Numbers

MeSH Record

NLM Classification

WK 802

AMA Style

References

  1. National Library of Medicine. C-Peptide. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). 2026. Unique ID D002096. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/2026/D002096
  2. C-Peptide. In: Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-peptide
  3. C-Peptide. In: Wikidata. https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419107
  4. C-Peptide. In: PubChem Compound. CID 16132309. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16132309