Anatomy

Islets of Langerhans

Irregular microscopic structures consisting of cords of endocrine cells that are scattered throughout the PANCREAS among the exocrine acini. Each islet is surrounded by connective tissue fibers and penetrated by a network of capillaries. There are four major cell types. The most abundant beta cells (50-80%) secrete INSULIN. Alpha cells (5-20%) secrete GLUCAGON. PP cells (10-35%) secrete PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE. Delta cells (~5%) secrete SOMATOSTATIN.

National Library of MedicineMedical Subject Headings2026

Structured Summary

Abstract

Irregular microscopic structures consisting of cords of endocrine cells that are scattered throughout the PANCREAS among the exocrine acini. Each islet is surrounded by connective tissue fibers and penetrated by a network of capillaries. There are four major cell types. The most abundant beta cells (50-80%) secrete INSULIN. Alpha cells (5-20%) secrete GLUCAGON. PP cells (10-35%) secrete PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE. Delta cells (~5%) secrete SOMATOSTATIN.

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Classification

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Synonyms

15 entry terms
  • Islands of Langerhans
  • Islet Cells
  • Nesidioblasts
  • Pancreas, Endocrine
  • Pancreatic Islets
  • Cell, Islet
  • Cells, Islet
  • Endocrine Pancreas
  • Islet Cell
  • Islet, Pancreatic
  • Islets, Pancreatic
  • Langerhans Islands
  • Langerhans Islets
  • Nesidioblast
  • Pancreatic Islet

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Aspects Covered

23 allowable subheadings

Indexed with the subheadings abnormalities, anatomy & histology, blood supply, chemistry, cytology, diagnostic imaging, drug effects, embryology, enzymology, growth & development, immunology, injuries, innervation, metabolism, microbiology, parasitology, pathology, physiology, physiopathology, radiation effects, surgery, ultrastructure, virology.

MeSH Record

Indexing Annotation

do not confuse with LANGERHANS CELLS (skin); neoplasms = ADENOMA, ISLET CELL or CARCINOMA, ISLET CELL or their specifics

MeSH Record

History Note

91; was ISLANDS OF LANGERHANS 1963-90

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AMA Style

References

  1. National Library of Medicine. Islets of Langerhans. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). 2026. Unique ID D007515. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/2026/D007515
  2. Islets of Langerhans. In: Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_islets
  3. Islets of Langerhans. In: Wikidata. https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728309